Author Archives: Tom Foster

About Tom Foster

Tom Foster spends most of his time talking with managers and business owners. The conversations are about business lives and personal lives, goals, objectives and measuring performance. In short, transforming groups of people into teams working together. Sometimes we make great strides understanding this management stuff, other times it’s measured in very short inches. But in all of this conversation, there are things that we learn. This blog is that part of the conversation I can share. Often, the names are changed to protect the guilty, but this is real life inside of real companies.

The Source of Trouble

“Why the long face?” I asked.

Logan’s face tightened. “I’m struggling with a problem,” he finally said.

“Something not going your way?” I wanted to know.

“I’m not as selfish as that,” he replied. “It’s just not going the way I thought it should go.”

“There’s a gap between where you are and where you would like to end up?” I smiled. “And, that’s a problem?”

“Yes,” he nodded, pensively.

“Please understand, Logan, the way you think things ought to be, your goal, will determine the problems you have. And, you will define your problems and struggles in the same way. So, it is really important to examine your goals, the way you think things ought to be. For the way you think will determine the troubles you have.”

Progress

“Does it ever end?” Conrad shook his head.

“How so?” I asked.

“First, I was dealing with Joe. Joe was weird. It took me a while to figure Joe out. And, finally, when I did, Fred came on the team. Not only did I have to figure out Fred, but now I had Joe AND Fred to deal with and how they work together. I finally get Joe and Fred in hand, then Sally came along. I have three individuals and six working relationships if you don’t count me.”

“That’s it?”

“No, that’s not it,” Conrad replied. “I now have eight people on the team. We finally figured out the best sequence, created a system in which to do the work. I thought I had it all figured out.”

“So, what happened?”

“We had the system working well, when we determined there was more than one system, lined up side by side. We have a marketing system, a sales system, a project management system, purchasing system, an operations system, quality control system. And, these systems no longer worked independently, they impacted each other with work handoffs and capacity mis-matches.”

“What have you learned, so far?” I wanted to know.

Conrad smiled. “As time goes by, you get to trade in one level of problems for another level of problems.”

“And, that, my friend, is progress.”

Internal Necessity

“I don’t get it,” Landon lamented. “Three of the team did it the way they were trained, two of them did it another way. In the meeting, they all agreed, described the method they were going to use. I wish I could figure out a way to understand why they say one thing and do another?”

“Let’s look at the facts,” I replied. “What is the difference between the three team members who followed the training, completed the task and the two team members who failed?”

“I don’t know,” Landon shook his head.

“For the three team members who followed the training, it was necessary,” I said. “For the other two team members, it wasn’t necessary.”

“What do you mean, necessary?” he asked. “I can’t chop off their fingers, though I could promise to yell at them.”

“As if yelling at someone, lecturing someone, writing up someone makes it necessary?” I observed. “Those are things on the outside. What makes for internal necessity? Tell me, Landon, what is something you do every day, that you aren’t particularly enthused about, but you do it anyway?”

Landon thought. “I brush my teeth. Not something I enjoy or pursue, but something I do every day.”

“Simple enough,” I agreed. “Why? Why do you do it every day. Why do you find it necessary to do every day?”

“Because I don’t want my teeth to rot out, obviously.”

“So every day, you imagine being 90 years old sporting a set of pearly white teeth?” I wanted to know.

Landon chuckled. “No, maybe that’s what my dentist tells me, but I do it, just because I do it.”

“Landon, you do it because it is necessary. It has become necessary, as a habit, you just do it. Habits are internal necessities that we repeat over and over. You would not think of skipping, because it has become necessary. When you look at your team, where do you see necessity? What is different about the three who did from the two who did not?”

Practice Makes Perfect

“That was a tough one,” Cooper breathed a sigh of relief.

“How so?” I asked.

“The team was struggling with this nasty defect in a critical area of production,” he started. “It took them a while just to collect the data on what was going on, where the failure point was. Then, what to do? That’s when they pulled me in.”

“And?”

“And, I figured it out. Some of their data was defective, which threw them off the trail. Then, I had the insight that solved the dilemma.”

“So, what did you just train them to do?” I was curious.

“I showed them how to solve the problem,” Cooper said.

“No, you showed them that whenever they have a hard problem, they should collect some data, even defective data and then bring the problem to you. That somehow, you will have a brilliant insight that saves the day, and they are off the hook. Not only have you crippled the team from solving their own problems, you have taught them to practice bringing problems to you.”

Incentives

“I’m stumped,” Sarah explained. “I am trying to get my team to do things, to do them my way, and they seem to just go off and do something else. Somehow, some way, I need to focus on motivation. I need to figure out what I can put out there, as some sort of an incentive to get them to perform better.”

“Do you want to be a psychologist, or do you want to be a leader?” I asked.

“I don’t get it,” she replied.

“Psychologists are always convinced they can figure out a way to motivate people. Don’t get me wrong, they didn’t start with people, they started with rats. First they starved them, then put them in a maze and were astounded when the rats desperately searched and found the food. Amazing, isn’t it, that starving rats would go in search of food.”

“What’s that got to do with people?” Sarah wanted to know.

“That’s a good question for the psychologists,” I replied. “They took their findings of rats and generalized them to people. Except people are more complicated than starving rats. Even the rats, once they found and ate the food, stopped searching. Motivation is elusive. We can find short term external motivators that give us the illusion that we are in control, but that’s not the way people work. External motivation is really manipulation, and only works for a short time and usually only when the manager is around. The only motivation that works long term is something inside the person that causes them to behave in a certain way. You have difficulty causing yourself to work in a different way. Why do you think you have the power to cause someone else to work differently?”

Thinking, Talking, Doing

“I’m a little disappointed with my team,” Jesse nodded, looking down.

“And?” I asked.

“We were in the meeting, talking about a new method in one step of our production. It’s way faster and prevents the defects we were seeing during that step. I know it seemed strange to the team, but they said they would trust me and do it the new way.”

“And?” I repeated.

“It was like we didn’t even have the meeting. They talk a good game, but what they say and what they do are different. I wish I knew what they were thinking.”

“Does it really matter what they were thinking. My guess is they were thinking you had a new way. They were thinking it seemed strange. But, they were thinking they trusted your new way. Thinking, even talking is no assurance of behavior. If you want insight into someone’s behavior, watch what they do.”

People Problems

“People problems,” Sebastian shook his head. “It’s always people problems.”

I smiled. “Yes, you can think people create all your problems, AND they are also the only ones who can create your solutions.”

“So, I can have it both ways?” he chuckled.

I continued to smile. “The way you see your people will determine the problems that land in your lap, and whether those problems arrive with solutions attached. If people are only the source of your frustration, you will find only more problems. If people are also the source of your solutions, you will find inspiration and joy. You get to decide how you see your team.”

The Fix

“I understand our biggest machine has been off-line for a day and a half?” I asked.

“Two days,” Camila replied. “It was down first thing yesterday morning, but we didn’t report it down until lunchtime.”

“And?”

“It’s fixed now,” she explained. “Someone made a mistake on the machine setup for a specific tool and over-torqued the main drive. The drive can handle the pressure, but the tool came apart and destroyed a bunch of stuff inside the cabinet, including the safety partition. No injuries.”

“And, the fix? What’s the corrective action?” I wanted to know.

“Yeah, we have to make sure the setting doesn’t exceed the tool tolerance,” Camila was quick to respond, hoping the conversation would be over, soon.

“The problem wasn’t a machine setting? The problem was that someone wasn’t paying attention, didn’t doublecheck, wasn’t thinking, wasn’t trained or didn’t have the capability. That’s what you have to fix first.”

Controlling the Future

“We have the forecast,” Samuel said. “All on a spreadsheet. We know what we need to sell by the end of this quarter.”

I looked up, smiled. “Do you mean, you know what you hope for? Do you mean, based on your explanation for the shortfall last quarter? Or is this just a guess?”

“Well, none of those. It’s just what we believe the CEO would be happy with,” Samuel explained.

“It’s nice to have an agreed upon target,” I surmised, “but do you think it will just happen from the number on the sheet or are you going to make it happen? Do you think you have the power to intervene on what will happen?”

“We are going to try,” Samuel looked determined.

“What will happen, will happen,” I replied. “Are you prepared to intervene in what will happen?”

“I told you, we will put in our best effort.”

“And, what if your current best effort isn’t good enough? Are you prepared? Look, your forecast is a target, not a predictor. We don’t know what is going to happen, nor do we control it. We don’t control what customers do. We don’t control what our competitors do. We don’t control how our supply chain performs. The only thing we can do is to prepare for whatever may happen. So, when it does, and it will, we are prepared. What does that preparation look like?”

You Are Part of the Problem

“You make it sound like the project failed, because it was our fault,” Roland pressed back. “The customer was being unreasonable.”

I held up my hand. “Stop,” I said. “Your customer came to you with a project. Projects are full of problems. They came to you for solutions. The first rule in being part of the solution is not to be part of the problem. Your explanation sounds eloquent, even reasonable, but your customer did not come to you for an explanation. Your explanation tells me more about you than it does about the project.”

Roland’s face turned glum. “So, we learned about the difficulty of the project, the time pressure of the deadlines, the negative demeanor of the customer. You said we missed something in our post-mortem.”

“What you missed,” I continued, “was your own contribution to the problem. You knew the complexity in the project, but mis-estimated your team’s capability to deal with the complexity. You knew the time pressure, but did not know your team would mis-fire in the face of that pressure. You knew the customer was prone to anger, but did not prepare to manage expectations. These are the lessons your mistakes were trying to teach you. Until you face those lessons, your next project will see a similar outcome.”