Author Archives: Tom Foster

About Tom Foster

Tom Foster spends most of his time talking with managers and business owners. The conversations are about business lives and personal lives, goals, objectives and measuring performance. In short, transforming groups of people into teams working together. Sometimes we make great strides understanding this management stuff, other times it’s measured in very short inches. But in all of this conversation, there are things that we learn. This blog is that part of the conversation I can share. Often, the names are changed to protect the guilty, but this is real life inside of real companies.

Goal Directed Behavior

From the Ask Tom mailbag:

Question:

You have been talking about the four elements of success. How does a goal figure in to success?

Response:

All behavior is goal directed behavior. If, as a Manager, you want to understand the behavior, find the goal that’s driving the behavior.

But the impact of the goal on the intensity of the behavior still has to do with interest (passion). We have interest only in those things that we value, which is why values are so important.

The reason why the values discussion is so important is to determine what will light up the interest (passion) of an individual and is that interest aligned with the goals of the organization.

If you have alignment of interest and goals, you will not have issues related to motivation. Without that alignment, the goal is meaningless and will not drive behavior. -TF

Middle Aged Crazy

From the Ask Tom mailbag:

Question:
In a recent Post, you described the push-back behavior of Byron, a manager. In a comment on that post, you described Byron as a Stratum III “newbie.” What did you mean?

Response:

As a person grows and matures through their life, people move from one Stratum to the next, each according to their own life schedule. Each Stratum is connected to its own way of thinking, connected to its own skills. As a person grows into their next Stratum, they leave a level of high competence and grow into the next level at low competence.

Example, a great team leader (Stratum I) becomes a newbie supervisor (Stratum II). It takes a while to develop the competencies at this new level.

A great supervisor (Stratum II) becomes a newbie manager (Stratum III). It take a while to develop the competencies at this new level.

Elliott Jaques chronicled this phenomenon, this crossing of Stratum in mid-life as the Mid-Life Crisis. We all saw the movie “Middle Aged Crazy” without knowing we had Elliott to thank for the scientific explanation. -TF

It’s Not I.Q.

From the Ask Tom mailbag:

Question:

In an earlier post, you mention capability as one of four requisite traits for success. When you say capability, do you mean intelligence?

Response:

If you go back and re-read the post, you will see that I was referring to capability as measured by Time Span. This is most certainly not intelligence.

So, what is intelligence?

Intelligence, whatever that may be, has historically been measured using an I.Q. test. There are three problems with I.Q. tests as a measure of capability.

1. There is no statistically significant correlation between scores on an I.Q. test and success. One does not follow the other. If correlations did exist, all members of the Mensa society would predictably be our most successful leaders, which they are not.

2. I.Q. tests have mostly been administered to populations of children ranging into their teenage years. When was the last time you took an I.Q. test. I bet it was when you were in elementary or junior high school.

3. I.Q. tests are inherently designed to be completed in the present. Each problem has an answer which is to be calculated in the present. I.Q. tests are not designed to account for goal directed behavior with a future time frame.

Which brings us back to capability. When I use capability, I refer to the research conducted by Elliott Jaques related to Time Span. Capability has to do with the competence of an individual to complete goal directed behavior within a prescribed Time Span.

How long should it take to complete a three month project? A person either has the capability to do it or not? -TF

Preparation for the Interview

“We have been using a Team approach to hiring,” Byron floated. “What do you think of having Team interviews?”

“How do you find that helpful?” I asked.

“Sometimes a single interview might miss something important. If there is another Hiring Team member in the room, they might catch it,” Byron replied.

“I am all for Interview Teams. But I don’t want to gang up on candidates. Here is the way I like to use Teams.

“Let’s say we put three people on the Interview Team. We have a meeting to decide on what areas we intend to cover during the interview. Some areas will overlap and that’s fine. These will be separate interviews and I would like to know if the candidate tells the same story to similar questions.

“And some of the areas will be different, depending on the Interview Team member. They have different areas of expertise and follow different lines of questions.

“But the most significant reason to work with an Interview Team is to put together the list of 50-60 questions that create the base line for the interview.”

Byron looked a little surprised. We had talked about this number of questions before, but I couldn’t tell if he was a believer. “Fifty or sixty prepared questions?”

“Yes, and that’s only the beginning.” -TF

Drive the Process

“As the Manager Once Removed, what else am I responsible for in this hiring process?” Byron asked.

“Since this hire is two Strata below, and since the Hiring Manager is one of your direct reports, you are the coach,” I replied.

“Coach?” Byron questioned.

“Yes, coach. How good is Ron at hiring?”

“Well, he doesn’t have that much experience with it, but he has hired people before. I don’t want to micro-manage him.”

“It is not micro-management to sit down with Ron and hammer out the job description. I mean a real job description, one that you can interview from. It’s not micro-management to sit down with Ron and talk about creating a list of 50-60 critical questions that need to be asked during the interview. You are the coach. This is your process to drive. Delegation is not abdication.” -TF

Trick Question

“So, just exactly what do I do?” asked Byron. He had hired people before, but he had never looked at hiring in exactly this way.

“Your department has an opening two Strata below you. As the Manager Once Removed, it is your responsibility to create the Talent Pool from which the Hiring Manager will select. Creating the Talent Pool means that you drive this process. Every morning, when you are fresh, I expect you to come in and spend a half hour to forty five minutes reviewing resumes. I expect that each day, you will find two or three that you will find an interest in. I expect you to make two or three screening phone calls every day. Once or twice a week, I expect you will actually run across a candidate. If you find only one per week, that is fifty people per year that you might bring in to interview for a supervisor level position.”

“But we have never had fifty people that qualified,” Byron continued to push back.

“Have you ever walked in the woods, stepped over a log that had a snake under it, that you didn’t know about?” I asked.

Byron was one of the sharp light bulbs in the box. “Trick question?” he asked.

“Trick question.” -TF

Top Priority

“But I am busy,” protested Byron. “How am I going to find time to read resumes?”

“Schedule it. You need to be thinking, each and every day about your team and what would happen if any of them needed to make a change. Your most important function as a manager is personnel and recruiting. In fact, if that is all you ever did, was to build a high performance team, and then walked in front of a bus, at your funeral, I would describe you as one of our greatest managers. Because you left behind, a high performing team that could carry on.”

“It’s that important?” Byron tested.

“Top priority.” -TF

What More Important Project?

I could see that Byron was looking for some lame excuse to push back from the idea that, as the Manager Once Removed, his job is to create the Talent Pool from which the Hiring Manager makes the selection.

“Let me get this straight,” he started. “The open position is for a high level supervisor with a Time Span of nine months. Ron is the Hiring Manager, one Stratum above (with a Time Span of 14 months). I am the Manager Once Removed, two Strata above the open position. And I am supposed to create the Talent Pool that Ron picks from.”

“You have it. That is your role,” I replied.

Byron was shaking his head. “But, I don’t have time for all this. I have some very important projects that I have to work on. This is just a supervisor position.”

It was my turn to nod. “Yes, it is a supervisor position. And if Ron makes the wrong hire, how much of your time will you have to spend coaching Ron on how to deal with this bad hire? You can spend the time now to help make a proper hire, or you can spend the time later dealing with the mistake.

“Which course of action contributes to productivity? Which course of action builds a better infrastructure? What more important project do you have to work on, than building this infrastructure in your department?” -TF

Create the Talent Pool

Byron was a bit unsettled. “Do you mean that I should read those resumes? I’m not the hiring manager,” he stated flatly.

“No, and we already established that the hiring manager is too close to the position, is threatened by the hire and does not have enough perspective to see the correct talent pool. That is why it is your role.”

“But, I am not the hiring manager,” he continued to protest.

“No, you are the Manager Once Removed. Are you threatened by this hire?” I asked.

“Well, no, this position is two levels down from me.”

“Exactly, and do you have better perspective on what is really required for success in this position?”

Byron nodded. “But reading resumes. I don’t have time to read resumes and this is not my hire.”

“I am not asking you to make the hire. That is still Ron’s job. Your role in the hiring process, as the Manager Once Removed, is to create the Talent Pool. You create the Talent Pool of qualified candidates. Ron makes the hire from the Pool.” -TF

___
This week, we are tracking our mailing list to get a more accurate headcount of readers. Please click here once you have read today’s post. You will land on our website and that’s all we need for the count. Thanks. -TF

Do You Mean, Me?

Ron settled in a chair across from Byron, his manager. We exchanged appropriate pleasantries and set the context for the conversation. Byron finally drilled in.

“Ron, you know I don’t think these three candidates are qualified for the position. But you said these were the only ones who fit our budget.”

“Yep, I know things are tight around here, and figured I could save the company some money, bring in one of these people. I could show them the ropes, take them in under my wing and everything would be fine.”

“Were there other candidates that were too expensive for us?” I asked.

“Sure, we had seven other resumes, but they were no bargain. We would have to pay full boat for any of them.”

I thanked Ron for his time and he left Byron and I to debrief.

“Byron, I don’t know, but my guess is that there are seven resumes of candidates that we need to look at. So, tell me, why do you think Ron is having difficulty with this hire, looking at the wrong talent pool of people?”

Byron was troubled, but the fog was lifting. “I think Ron was threatened by those resumes that he described as too expensive. You are right. Some of the salary requirements are close to what Ron is making. And I don’t think Ron has enough perspective to truly understand what will be required in this supervisor position.”

“Byron, let me recap. This whole process started at the bottom with Irene, the receptionist, through another supervisor and finally to the hiring manager. None are making good decisions in this selection process.

“So, who should be driving this? Who is left? Who understands what is truly required and is not threatened by this hire?”

“Do you mean, me?” Byron asked.

I nodded affirmative. -TF

___

This week, we are tracking our mailing list to get a more accurate headcount of readers. Please click here once you have read today’s post. You will land on our website and that’s all we need for the count. Thanks. -TF