Category Archives: Organization Structure

Burned Out

“I’m tired,” Jerrold explained. “I’m trying to keep up with everything, but the faster I work, the behinder I get,” he smiled.

“What’s up?” I asked. (Advanced diagnostic question.)

“I feel like I am buried in work, my team is up to their elbows and, still, there is more to be done. Burned out. That’s how I feel. I know we have downsized. I know we all have to pitch in and cover. But there are times, when I feel overwhelmed.”

“Are you doing the production work? Or are you making sure the production work gets done?” I followed.

“Both. It’s my responsibility to make sure the production work gets done, but we are short handed, so I spend my turn on the line as well.” Jerrold sat up.

“Is this an energy problem, or an organization problem?”

Pay Attention to Symptoms

“How do you discourage the end-run employee?” Joann complained. “I often get team members bypassing their manager and bringing their decisions to me. I don’t want to undercut the authority of their manager, but they have real issues and say they are not getting the support they need.”

“They are not getting the support they need, or they are not getting the support they want?” I asked. “As a child, if I didn’t get the support I wanted from mom (using the car on Friday night), I always went to Dad.”

“I don’t think that’s the case. It’s pretty easy to tell when I am being played. This is more serious.”

“What do you need to know? What do you think you need to do?”

Joann grimaced. “I think I need to put my foot down, send them back to their manager. For once, maybe, I can be too busy. I just need to stop this behavior.”

“And what if the problem isn’t with the team member? What if the problem is with their manager? What if this end-around behavior is a symptom of something that needs more attention?”

Off the Island

“I’m worried,” Lydia explained. “It’s like the tv show ‘Survivor.’ I used to think, how contrived. A group of people get together and vote to throw someone off the island. Who does that?”

I was quiet. Lydia looked up and continued.

“The tv show had to throw someone off the island, because it was a rule of the game. I always thought, if it were me, I would refuse to vote.

“But, here we are. I have to vote someone off the island. Only it’s not a vote. I have to decide. And I have to decide before Friday. This is a tough decision.”

Organized for Indecision

From the Ask Tom mailbag:

Question:
I was recently hired as a supervisor in a volunteer outreach center. There are many funding sources (board members) for the center, with one paid Executive Director.

When I was hired I thought I would be accountable to the Executive Director, but once I started, I learned that no one person controls any of the activities of the center. Most volunteers are “hired” by board members, and I am to supervise and give direction. However, there are no clear lines of authority, accountability or communication. Even though these people know I am their supervisor, they run to the person who “hired” them for their direction. While the board members mean well, they are not on the day to day scene. No one recognizes me as their supervisor and I don’t know how to create a team atmosphere when each volunteer runs to their board member for direction.

I have taken this to the director and he says these people are large contributors to the company and we can’t afford to offend them. I am not wanting to offend. I want to work as a team.

Response:
You are looking at your organization, as if it was a business. Elliott Jaques describes this business structure as a Management Accountability Hierarchy. The purpose of an MAH is to achieve goals. This involves conscious work, cooperation and accountability.

At the same time, there are many other types of organizations:
Academic organizations
Religious organizations
Charitable organzations

They are organized around different principles of authority and accountability for their own purposes.

Here’s the rub. Whenever an organization decides to actually “do” something, engage in work to achieve a goal, they often find they are not organized to do so. They flounder with indecision, unclear accountabilities and an absence of managerial leadership practices. The result is half-baked ideas, poor execution, waste of resources, money and time.

The most effective volunteer or charitable groups are those that run like a business, meaning with the structure of a Management Accountability Hierarchy. Changing to that structure requires a clear vision and mandate from the top, from your Executive Director. Without that, you will be subjected to the predictable floundering that you describe. -TF

Sorting the Tasks

“I am a little overwhelmed,” Colleen admitted. “I just got out of a planning meeting. We’re looking down the road a bit. I think I got a promotion, not a raise, just a new area that I have to supervise in addition to all the work I am already doing. Downsizing, you know.”

“Lot’s to do?” I asked.

“Yes, and I know I have a team to support me, now a bigger team. Some of the things we have to accomplish are brand new to me. I am trying to sort things out.”

“So, you have a fresh set of goals and priorities? How are you going to organize what to do?”

“I don’t know, but I have to decide fast. I’m not sure what things I have to work on and what things I can give away to my new team. I guess I am going to have to make some quick evaluations.”

“What are you going to start with, organizing the tasks or evaluating the people?” I prompted.

“I am thinking about a spreadsheet,” Colleen replied, “a spreadsheet listing my team members across the top and listing the tasks down the side.”

“And how are you going to sort the tasks?”

Two Out of Five

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Derrick located a copy of the org chart. “A little out of date,” he remarked.

“It’s time stamped only three weeks ago,” I said.

“Yeah, well, it’s still out of date.”

“So, if I think you have a system problem, where should I look on the org chart?” I asked.

“All these people are the ones who are doing the work, and the supervisors make sure the work gets done. You have to be looking at our managers,” Derrick observed.

“Yes, and I see you have five manager positions. Those are the ones responsible for creating the systems inside your company.”

“That’s why it’s a little out of date. One manager got promoted to Vice President and we figured he could still cover his old position. This manager, here, got an offer from another company, and we decided that we might be able to do without for a while. And this manager, our controller, wanted to move to the northern part of the state. And with the internet, she does her work from home.”

“Let me get this straight. You have five manager positions, monitoring your systems, yet only two out of five actually show up for work here?” -TF

It’s Not a What

“The reason we called you in, is that we have a margin problem,” Derrick explained.

“How do you know?” I asked.

“Easy! Revenue is up and profit is down.”

“How do you think that happened?”

Derrick took a moment. “We’re a bit stymied. Every time we think we found the problem, and think we have it fixed, at the end of the month, the numbers tell the same story. Revenues up. Profit down.”

“I tell you what I would like to see. Could you get me a copy of your org chart?”

“Our org chart?” Derrick looked at me like I was from Mars. “I said we have a margin problem, why do you want to see our org chart?”

“Derrick, you have looked all over the place trying to discover what is wrong. Your problem is not a what. Your problem is a who.” -TF

Importance of the MOR Conversation

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“So, the relationship between the supervisor and the line worker or the manager and the supervisor is all about the work. And that relationship is an accountability relationship,” I explained.

Sylvia nodded, so I continued, “What is the appropriate relationship between the manager and the line worker? What is the nature of the relationship for the Manager Once Removed?”

“It can’t also be an accountability relationship, because the line worker would then have two bosses. That’s a little schizophrenic.” Sylvia’s head turned. “But the conversation I was having with Muriel, our line worker, wasn’t about the work. I was interested in how she was doing as a person. I was interested in how she was adjusting, how she was finding things with the company.”

It was my turn to nod. Sylvia continued.

“As the Manager Once Removed, I think it is important to have those kinds of conversations. Her supervisor will talk with her about the work, making sure the work gets done. My role, as a Manager, is to create the system, monitor the system. It’s important for me to find out the condition of the system.”

“Is it also your responsibility to be grooming your next wave of supervisors?” I asked.

“Yes, and my next supervisors are going to come from my best team leaders. As the Manager Once Removed, I need to be having conversations about career paths and opportunities within the company.”

“And, as a Manager, do you also have an accountability relationship with the supervisor who reports to you?”

“Yes, and I can find out a lot about Vince’s performance as a supervisor by having a Manager Once Removed conversation with Muriel.”

Nature of the Relationship

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“First of all, Sylvia, every company is a real company, even a company of three,” I replied. “As companies grow larger, the structure of how they work together becomes more complicated, for better or for worse.”

“Well, we have a good sized company,” Sylvia responded. “We have supervisors, managers, vice-presidents and a CEO. And we have an organizational chart.”

“So, let’s talk about those relationships and how they work best. A line worker reports to a supervisor or a supervisor reports to a manager. What is the nature of the relationship? What do they talk about?”

Sylvia struggled to describe this. Everyone knows, magically, how this reporting relationship works, but describing it is difficult.

“They talk about problems,” Sylvia started. “Problems with the work.”

“Or successes with the work,” I picked up. “But their relationship is around the work. It’s all about the work. This reporting relationship is an accountability relationship.”

Sylvia nodded.

“As a manager, when you have a conversation with a line worker, you are the Manager Once Removed. What is this conversation about? What is the nature of this relationship?”

“That’s what Vince objected to,” Sylvia quickly protested. “I felt that it was an appropriate conversation, but when Vince objected, I didn’t know what to say.”

“That’s because Vince was wrong. What is the nature of the relationship of the Manager Once Removed?” -TF

Undermining Authority?

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“He said that I was undermining his authority, that if I had anything to say to one of his team members, I needed to go through him and he would deliver the message. Otherwise, he said, Hands Off.” Sylvia was off balance. “I didn’t know what to say.”

“What did you say?” I asked.

“Well, I told him I was sorry, that I didn’t realize I had overstepped my bounds on his team and that I would try to be more considerate in the future.”

“And how did he respond?”

“He started talking about professionalism and that if I had worked where he used to work, that I would have been written up,” Sylvia replied.

“So, this place where he used to work, was this some sort of policy, that managers could only engage people one layer down in the organization?”

“Exactly. He said that if I had worked for a real company, I would have known that.”