Author Archives: Tom Foster

About Tom Foster

Tom Foster spends most of his time talking with managers and business owners. The conversations are about business lives and personal lives, goals, objectives and measuring performance. In short, transforming groups of people into teams working together. Sometimes we make great strides understanding this management stuff, other times it’s measured in very short inches. But in all of this conversation, there are things that we learn. This blog is that part of the conversation I can share. Often, the names are changed to protect the guilty, but this is real life inside of real companies.

How Big Is the Job?

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From the Ask Tom mailbag:

Question:

I have been reading the section of your website on Time Span and I am curious. How do you measure objectives in terms of Time Span?

Response:

Time Span is a concept I have been working with since 2001. It is based on the research of Elliott Jaques (1917-2003). Time Span is most useful as a measuring stick to determine the complexity of any task. The longer the Time Span of the task, the more complex the task is likely to be.

Attaching a Time Span to an objective is extremely helpful in understanding the breadth and scope of the objective. For example:

Objective – As the department manager, hire a person to fill the vacant position on the team.

In the short term, if the Time Span is described as two weeks, then you can imagine that the tasks involved would include posting an ad, reviewing resumes, conducting some interviews and making a selection.

However, if the Time Span is described as six months, you might imagine a much broader scope for this project. The tasks would extend to bringing that person on board, moving them through the training process and evaluating their initial skill level. This might be followed by supervising additional training and re-evaluating their skill level. Once on the production floor, the manager would select appropriate assignments for this new recruit, then advance them to more complex tasks as time passes. After six months, it might be expected that this new person now possesses the skills and competence to fill the position as a productive member of the team.

Taking this one step further, if the Time Span is described as 12 months, you would imagine an even broader scope. The tasks would extend to evaluating proper staffing levels to determine, if indeed, this vacant position needs filling in the first place.

Time Span, as a unit of measure, helps us understand the breadth and scope of the task, and ultimately the scope of the role. -TF

Necessity

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Ted was biting his lower lip. “I am ready,” he proclaimed. “Right now, being a manager is not much fun. If I was better at this, if I knew what to do, things would be easier. I want to make this happen.”

“Wanting is not enough,” I said. “You have to make it necessary.”

Ted got a quizzical look on his face. “What do you mean, make it necessary?”

“You may think that high levels of performance are driven out of desire, team spirit and rah, rah. But that all sputters out eventually. When you don’t feel well, your desire gets weak. When your team has an off day, the rah, rah disappears. All of that will impact your performance.

“The only way that high performance can be sustained is if that high performance becomes a necessity. It will only be sustained if there is no other way. Necessity. Necessity drives high performance.”

“I am still not sure I understand,” Ted said. “What makes something necessary?”

“Something is necessary only when there is no other way. Look, Ted, you think you want to be a better manager. That will only sustain you when you feel like it. Unless becoming a better manager is a necessity, you will ultimately fail. But if there is no alternative, if becoming a better manager is a necessity, then you cannot fail.

“It must become a necessity.” -TF

What Price?

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“There is a price to pay,” I responded. Ted and I were talking about his team. Ted clearly identified that changes were necessary and that the first change had to do with Ted.

“Oh, I am willing to pay,” replied Ted. “And my company is willing to support me, to pay for training, whatever it takes.”

“Ted, the price you pay has nothing to do with the price of a seminar or a book on management. The price you pay has to do with you. The price you pay is in your commitment, your passion, your focus, your discipline. It is a high price. It is a price not many people are willing to pay. Most will pay for a seminar or a book, but few are willing to pay the real price.”

Ted took a deep breath. It was not a sigh, but an attempt to get some extra oxygen to his brain.

“You are telling me this is not going to be easy,” he finally responded.

“Oh, it’s easy to be a manager, and only slightly more difficult to be a mediocre manager. But, what I am talking about is more than being a good manager, it is a question of being a great manager. What price are you willing to pay?” -TF

Where to Start

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Ted was still perplexed. He had selected his talent well, but his team still wasn’t up to par.

“Ted, your team is functioning exactly as it was designed to function,” I started.

“What do you mean? You make it sound like it’s my fault,” he defended.

“Exactly, as the manager, the team you have is the team you deserve.”

I could tell Ted was getting agitated. It’s easy to look at someone else to blame. It’s tough when the responsibility is ours.

“The team you have is the team you deserve,” I repeated. “As time goes by, you will find that your team will be no better than you are. The speed of the pack is the speed of the leader.

“If you find that your team is not what you want it to be, if you find that you are not able to bring out the best in that team, to bring them to higher levels of performance, then, as the manager, you are not the leader who deserves better. At least not yet.”

Ted was quiet.

After a minute, I broke the silence. “So, what do you think we need to work on? Where should we start?”

Ted took a breath. “I guess we have to start with me.”

How Well You Connect

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Ted was beside himself. “Look, I have the best engineer, I have the best mechanic, I have the best designer, I have the best installer. Then why do we get such mediocre production?”

“I don’t know, what do you think?” I asked.

“We just can’t seem to make our numbers,” Ted started. “It’s like we have all the best talent, but just can’t put it all together.”

“So, it’s the putting together part?”

“Well, yeah.” Ted stopped. “You’re right, it’s not the talent part, it’s the putting together part. They don’t sync up, they are all running in a different gear. They don’t relate.”

“So, you just found your constraint? How well you connect is how well you do as a team. Your production will never be as good as your star player. It doesn’t matter how well your star plays. It only matters how well your team plays together.” -TF

They Can’t Hear It

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Hank was surveying the floor, timecards in hand, shaking his head. “I don’t understand it,” he observed. “They know they are supposed to be here at 8:00a sharp, but, look at this, only two people punched in on time. The next nearest one is 8:06, then 8:09, then 8:12. A couple of people were 20 minutes late. And it’s this way everyday. So, everyday, I have to make my little speech, but it just doesn’t seem to work.”

“And you know all this just by reviewing the time cards?” I asked.

“Of course, that’s why we have punch clocks.” Hank was looking sideways at me, wondering if I had never seen a punch clock before.

“I see, but you didn’t actually see when they got here.”

“Oh, no, my manager’s meeting upstairs doesn’t start until 8:30a, and since I’m a supervisor now, I don’t have to be here until then.”

“So, your team doesn’t seem to listen to your daily speech about clocking in?”

“Nope, I am thinking about reminding them again in the afternoon before the shift is over, just to make sure they remember,” Hank replied confidently.

“Here is the thing, Hank. Sometimes, what we do speaks so loudly, they can’t hear what we are saying.” -TF

Out of the Groove

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“But habits can help and habits can kill,” I said. Muriel and I had been talking about competence in the workplace.

“I don’t understand,” she replied. “We just talked about how competence and habits go hand in hand.”

“Yes, they do and like many things, your greatest strength can also be your greatest weakness.” I could see Muriel’s face scrunch up, mixed in resistance and curiosity.

“Competence requires a set of habits. Habits help us, habits hurt us. Think about a new problem that must be solved, like that change in production last month.”

Muriel winced. “I know, I know. We had really practiced hard on producing that left element. We were really good at it, and it was difficult. Then we got the machine. Using the machine was even harder, so my team kept doing it manually. Someone even sabotaged the machine configuration that kept it out of the loop for two days. All in all, it took us three weeks to become competent on the machine, when it should have taken only five days.”

“Habits can sometimes be the most powerful forces in resisting change. Habits are grooves in the way we think. They can be helpful, but sometimes, we have to get out of the groove and it’s tough.” -TF

Committed to Memory

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“So, habits are connected to competence. Why is that so important?” I asked. Muriel was one of my former students, even before she was promoted from supervisor to manager.

“Sometimes, when I am faced with a problem, especially a new problem, it’s difficult to solve. Competence is the ability to bring my thinking and resources to the problem quickly. Not just quickly, but easily. Almost like an instinct. Only I know it’s not instinct, because it is something I learned and had to practice,” she replied.

“Give me an example,” I said, looking for clarity.

“Okay, planning. As a manager, I know it is very tempting, when faced with a problem, to just jump in and solve it, dictate a course of action and move on. What I found was, that whenever I did that, I would fail to notice some critical element, misdirect my people and end up with my team losing its confidence, in me.

“It took me a while to learn that I needed to slow down, get to the root cause of the problem, then create a plan. It was painful, in the beginning, because planning was not me.

“I would have to stop everything, clear the decks, drag out my books on planning. It was excruciating, worse, it took too long. Sometimes we would miss a deadline because the process took too long. It was difficult not to go back to jumping in, dictating a course and moving on, even if it was in the wrong direction.

“It was only when I committed the planning model to memory, that things began to change. Once I had it in my head, I could access the steps without having to look them up in my book. I began to break down every problem this way. Planning became quicker and quicker. Better yet, I was able to involve my team in creating the solution by using the steps. We seldom overlooked critical items. The best part was that everyone was on-board when we finished planning.

“Now, planning is a habit. My team does it all the time. It is a competence.”

Connection to Habits

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“Why are habits connected to competence?” I asked. Muriel and I had been talking about competence in the workplace. Muriel was promoted to manager in her department two years ago.

It was like a trip down memory lane. “When I first became a manager,” she started, “I was awful. I thought I was such a hot shot, walking around telling everyone what to do. Within a couple of weeks, productivity in my department was at an all time low, and I couldn’t figure it out. That’s when you began to talk to me about the Power of the Question.

“So, I started asking questions. Instead of telling my team how to do the work more efficiently, I began asking them how they could do the work more efficiently. I didn’t do it very often, but when I did, remarkable things happened. Over time, I got better at asking questions. Now, asking questions is a habit.”

“So, what competence is connected to the habit?” I followed.

“The competence is challenging my team. Challenging them to higher levels of performance, productivity, efficiency.”

“So, competence is all about acquiring a new habit.” -TF

Not a New Skill

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Muriel took a measured breath. “I have an uneasy feeling about my position here, and I don’t know why,” she explained. “Things are going well, at least they seem to. But I think things are going to change. And I am not sure I will be prepared to adapt quick enough.”

“Things are going well, now?” I asked.

“Well, yes.”

“When did things begin to go well?”

Muriel laughed. “You are right, things weren’t always this rosy. There was a time when it was tough. But I got better. And as I got better, things got easier.”

“So, things got easier as you became more competent in your role, here, as a manager?” I probed.

Muriel nodded affirmative. “Competence,” she repeated.

“And we know things will change, again, because they always do. Change in your industry, in your company, on your team and with yourself. And when things change, you are faced with your own incompetence.”

Muriel winced. Close to home, perhaps. I continued. “But you do adapt and you do change. But tell me, when you successfully perform something new, for the first time, does that make you competent?”

“No,” she responded. “Competence requires practice, doing it well over and over, until it becomes a habit.”

“So competence is not simply acquiring an occasional new skill, but acquiring a new habit.” -TF